The sturgeon fishery is a traditional and wellknown activity because of the value of the caviar and fish. Convention on the legal status of the caspian sea wikipedia. Offshore drilling and exploration activities, as well as transport of oil via pipelines or ships, represent a risk of oil pollution of the caspian sea. Much of this could be attributed to old and outdated drilling equipment. Pollution and overfishing have taken their toll on the caspian sea. Caspian sea map, caspian sea location facts history, major. The kmlong caspian sea is the largest enclosed body of water on earth. Caspian sea, largest enclosed inland body of water in the world, has been constantly affected by different pollution sources due to. Pollution and overfishing plague the caspian sea world. Moreover, during the fourth caspian summit in astrakhan in 2014 an agreement on the conservation and rational use of water and biological resources of the caspian sea was. Due to the presence of a very precious kind of fish called sturgeon, preserving the water.
How can environmental pollution by ships be minimized at. It also includes lakes located within the basin of the caspian sea. Mar 11, 2015 pollution and overfishing have taken their toll on the caspian sea. The caspian sea is the largest inland body of water in the world map figure 1. It has about a third the salinity of seawater, however, so it is not the largest freshwater lake that honor goes to lake baikal by volume, or to lake. The caspian sea, which was once controlled by iran, is a sensitive issue for that country. The caspian sea is a landlocked body of water between europe and asia. The caspian sea, located in western asia on the eastern edges of europe, is the largest lake on the planet. The first cause that leads to sea pollution is oil spill. The convention on the legal status of the caspian sea is a treaty signed at the fifth caspian summit in aktau, kazakhstan, on 12 august 2018 by the presidents of russia, kazakhstan, azerbaijan, iran and turkmenistan history.
The biological resources of the caspian sea include 800 species of fauna and 500 species of flora zenkevich, 1973. Asia caspian sea deal benefits russia, troubles iran. There have been many incidences of other commons being destroyed like, the black sea, depleted fisheries, and other parts of the ocean. Containing some 18,800 cubic miles of water and covering more than 143,000 square miles, the caspian sea is the largest inland body of water on earth.
Caspian sea this chapter deals with major transboundary rivers discharging into the caspian sea and their major transboundary tributaries. Caspian sea, leading threats in terms of pollution and. The systematic description of the knowledge accumulated on the physical oceanography, marine chemistry and pollution. Tehran bureau this year, ten young men from villages across the. The new convention on the legal status of the caspian sea. Caspian sea pollution environmental degradation of the caspian sea has affected not only life of biological species but also life of the local fishermen, with a 40% reduction in fishing rate last year, and as a result, the income of the fishermen, who this job is the only source of their income had a sharp decrease, making it hard for them to afford costs. Pdf effects of pollution sources on the water quality of the caspian. Aug 12, 2018 the leaders of the five states bordering the resourcerich caspian sea signed a landmark deal on its legal status on sunday in the kazakh city of aktau, easing regional tensions and potentially. Interesting facts about the caspian sea just fun facts. Tehran bureau this year, ten young men from villages across the asalem to khalkhal road in the neighboring province. According to an analysis led by researchers from the university of texas at austin, the caspian sea is dropping almost 7 centimetres 2. Since the dissolution of the soviet union at the beginning of the 1990s, the legal status and the division of the caspian sea and its resources between its five coastal states azerbaijan, iran, kazakhstan, the russian federation, and turkmenistan has remained unresolved. It lies to the east of the caucasus mountains and to the west of the vast steppe of central asia.
The dispute began after the dissolution of the soviet union in 1991, as the soviet union and subsequently russia and iran were respecting mutual 1921 and 1940 treaties. Five states sharing caspian shoreline sign deal on legal status of inland body of water, agreeing to keep it exclusive. Protocol for the protection of the caspian sea against pollution from landbased sources and activities to the framework convention for the protection of the marine environment of the caspian sea preamble caspian littoral states. The pollution of caspian sea waters and bottom sediments was described on the basis of longterm monitoring data from 1978 to 2004. Caspian sea deal benefits russia, troubles iran asia an. We finally know why the caspian sea is evaporating off the. Pdf the caspian sea environmental challenges for the littoral. Negotiations between the member states concerning the legal status of the caspian sea have not been finalized yet. Heavy metals in coastal sediment originate from both natural physical and chemical weathering of parent rocks and anthropogenic sources callender, 2005. So, this research specifically concentrates on the reduction of environmental pollution problems at the new. The authors are very grateful to everybody who took samples during cruises and analyzed them in laboratories during the longterm monitoring programmes studying pollution of the caspian sea, and also to t. The tragedy of the commons dates all the back to aristotle. Protocol for the protection of the caspian sea against. It is a terminal, or endorheic lake which means its waters do not reach any ocean.
It is an endorheic basin a basin without outflows located between europe and asia, to the east of the caucasus mountains and to the west of the broad steppe of central asia. Recent oil spill preparedness developments in the caspian sea region page 3 response and cooperation in combating oil pollution incidents known as the aktau protocol, being named after the city in kazakhstan on the shores of the caspian sea where the document was signed. Caspian sea remain trapped within the basin of this. The contracting parties shall cooperate in the development of protocols to this convention prescribing additional measures for prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the caspian sea from landbased sources. Discharge of pollutants in the caspian sea mercury and. Maritime safety, security and marine environmental. Caspian sea climate, mean annual temperature and precipitation. Aug 12, 2018 fivenation deal paves way for tapping caspian riches. It is a remnant of the ancient ocean tethis, which around 50 million years ago connected the atlantic and pacific, but today it has no connection to. The caspians strategic importance lies in its abundance of energy resources.
Four protocols are currently under development, and have been assigned priority by the member states. The northernmost regions, with russia and kazakhstan are characterised by dry and cold temperate continental cliamte. The leaders of the five states bordering the resourcerich caspian sea signed a landmark deal on its legal status on sunday in the kazakh city of aktau, easing regional tensions and potentially. And the kazakh oil company tengizchevroil is about to realize a new big business project in terms of water area, which might lead to increased pollution. Five countries russia, kazakhstan, turkmenistan, iran and azerbaijan border the inland sea. Maps of oil spills detected in satellite imagery of the whole aquatic area of the black sea and the middle and the southern caspian sea are created. The caspian sea, which accounts for 4044% of the total lacustrine waters of. The project builds on the achievements of the eufunded traceca projects development of common security management, maritime safety and ship pollution prevention for the black sea and caspian sea sasepol 20092011, and traceca maritime safety and security ii 202015 print pdf. Environment environment caspian sea facts caspian info.
Framework convention for the protection of the marine. International law and concers of the caspian sea region. Mercury and cadmium are classified as toxic metals, and are persistant pollutants in the environment, that stays in the system and is accumulated through the food chains. Several rivers that carry the wastewater from cities and industries are first entering the anzaly marsh wetland that is located in the west part of the caspian sea. These endemic faunas have evolved under brackish water conditions in relative isolation and are therefore unique in the world karpinsky, 2005, zenkevitch, 1963. In addition to the level hesitation, pollution of sea water and the degradation of ecological conditions are the most important problem of the recent period among caspian sea problems. Iran has a small share from polluting point of view, but it gets a much extensive part of pollution created by other countries because of the sea currents in the caspian sea.
The caspian sea is the worlds largest inland body of water, variously classed as the worlds largest lake or a fullfledged sea. Udovenko for their great help in preparation of the database and figures. Before the human clean up the polluted sea, they must understand all of the causes and effects of sea pollution. Review of pollution sources and controls in caspian sea region. The caspian sea must be divided into equal parts between the pre caspian countries i. Several species of animals are named after the region, like the caspian gull, the caspian tern, and the caspian seal, which is the only aquatic mammal that can be found here and is endemic to the lake. The pre caspian sea are azerbaijan, russia, kazakhstan, turkmenistan and iran. At the same time, the radioactive contamination is one of the most damaging and dangerous types of pollution in the world. Oil spill preparedness and cooperation in the caspian sea. It was shown that in the 1980s total petroleum hydrocarbons were in high concentration in the estuarine waters of the.
Maritime safety, security and marine environmental protection. The caspian sea is the largest endorheic lake in the world and renowned for its diverse endemic faunas in many higher taxonomic groups karpinsky, 2005, wesselingh et al. The caspian s strategic importance lies in its abundance of energy resources. The caspian sea, surrounded by the five coastal countries the republic of azerbaijan azerbaijan, the islamic republic of iran iran, republic of kazakhstan kazakhstan, the. The sea pollution is caused by oil spill, ship pollution and sewage therefore the impact toward the sea are marine pollution, hypoxia and water quality. Iran, russia, azerbaijan, turkmenistan and kazakhstan. The south part of the sea, with iran, turkmenistan and azerbaijan is mountaineous and much warmer. The five countries bordering the landlocked caspian sea recently struck a deal to resolve their longstanding dispute over its ownership. The parties shall take, jointly or individually, all necessary measures and cooperate in order to preserve the biological diversity, to protect, restore and manage in a sustainable and rational manner the biological resources of the caspian sea, and to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the caspian sea from any source. The pattern of pollution by chlorinated hydrocarbons in the caspian sea, fresenius zeitschrift fur analytische. Since the dissolution of the soviet union at the beginning of the 1990s, the legal status and the division of the caspian sea and its resources between its five coastal states azerbaijan, iran, kazakhstan, the russian federation.
Pdf pollution of the caspian sea alexander korshenko. Nowadays pollution from ships in portsterminals of the caspian sea has a significant impact on surrounding nature and health. Such protocols may include, inter alia, the following measures. The study will also evaluate the key initiatives taken by the caspian states to monitor and control environmental pollution. Protocol for the protection of the caspian sea against pollution from land based sources and activities the contracting parties to the present protocol, being parties to the framework convention for the protection of the marine environment of the caspian sea, adopted at tehran on 4 november 2003. Pdf the caspian sea as the largest lake in the world surrounded by five countries.
It is shown that the main types of sea surface oil pollution are ship discharges and natural marine hydrocarbon seepages. The caspian sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water on earth by area, variously classed as the worlds largest lake or a fullfledged sea it is in an endorheic basin it has no outflows located between europe and asia it is bordered on the northeast by kazakhstan, on the southeast by turkmenistan, on the south by iran, on the southwest by azerbaijan, and on the northwest by russia. Pollution and overfishing plague the caspian sea world news. Fivenation deal paves way for tapping caspian riches. Caspian sea, russian kaspiyskoye more, persian daryaye khezer, worlds largest inland body of water. It was shown that in the 1980s total petroleum hydrocarbons were. Nuclear pollution is one of the less known and rarely discussed dimensions of the serious pollution problems in the caspian sea. Republic of azerbaijan, islamic republic of iran, republic of kazakhstan, russian federation, turkmenistan. Pollution from these cities and industries enter the caspian sea either directly or via rivers.
The caspian sea is an enclosed body of water and the common wealth of the pre caspian countries. The caspian sea environment handbook of environmental chemistry kosarev, aleksey n. The first state of the environment report of the caspian sea soereport was prepared by gridarendal and presented at the third meeting of the conference of the parties cop3 in aktau, kazakhstan 1012 august 2011. Protocol for the protection of the caspian sea against pollution from landbased sources and activities. The main release of these pollutants are on the west coast of the caspian sea, off the coast of russia and azerbaijan.
Our topic is about the status of the caspian sea and why these five littoral countries can not share it between each other. The environmental situation in the caspian sea is one of great pressure. It is the story of humans depleting and destroying the free gifts of the world. Review of pollution sources and controls in caspian sea. With the caspian sea s northsouth alignment, stretching over a distance of approximately 10 degrees, the water body crosses several different climatic regions. The water and snow along the caspian sea along the beach of primorsky, aktau, kazakhstan turned blood red on february 9, 2020, baffling and frightening local residents. May 19, 2014 the caspian sea is a landlocked body of water between europe and asia. The caspian sea the largest inland mass of water accounts for forty percent of all lacustrine waters on earth. As the only coast in azerbaijan, kazakhstan and turkmenistan, the caspian sea is a popular destination for domestic tourists.
Landmark caspian sea deal signed by five coastal nations. Convention on the legal status of the caspian sea president. History records that its called a sea because the romans found it salty, especially in the southern reaches, and the name stuck. Some areas have become dead zones, and the caspian shelf mainly looses its validity as a place for spawning of the caspian sea fishes. Draft updated caspian sea plan concerning regional. Experts believe that the release of over one billion cubic meters of industrial, chemical and household wastewater into the caspian sea per annum has polluted the water, and reduced the level of. The caspian sea environment handbook of environmental. Aug 12, 2018 the caspian sea, which was once controlled by iran, is a sensitive issue for that country. The caspian sea was polluted throughout the soviet drilling era by the runoff of chemically polluted rivers, rises in sea levels, and the offshore oil industry.
Transboundary waters in the basin of the caspian sea1 basinsubbasins total area km. Heavy metal pollution assessment in relation to sediment. It lost the northern part of the sea in a defeat by russia in the 1820s and the loss seems still. Caspian sea environmental pollution prevention hossein ganjidoust, associate professor, environmental engineering division, civil engineering department, tarbiat modarres university, islamic republic of iran abstract extraction and transportation of oil in the sea are one of the pollution sources in the seawater. Caspian sea deal benefits russia, troubles iran asia an in. Caspian sea oilrig fire an oil platform off the coast of azerbaijan continued to burn on monday, raising the risk of a spill, as rescuers tried to reach workers there. Caspian environment programme transboundary diagnostic analysis 1 29jun15 2.
The caspian sea is in serious environmental danger. Heavy metal pollution in marine ecosystems is a serious concern due to the toxic and long lasting effects zhan et al. The sea s name derives from the ancient kaspi peoples, who once lived in transcaucasia to the west. Caspian sea turns blood red in kazakhstan in videos and. Ministry of ecology and natural resources of azerbaijan named main sources of pollution of the caspian sea. Caspian sea oil rig continues to burn, heightening risk of.
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